Is there some bandwidth limitation when it comes to electromagnetic wave propagation in vacuum?

Answer by  Ultimape (7)

In a perfect world, no. But physics has to deal with background radiation, which is the primary reason why we can't store more data in a wave. The "noise floor", the net result of all the ambient radiation, prevents fine grained signalvariation from being discernible.

Answer by  jackarroo (13)

The bandwidth limitation relates directly to the energy of the wave and the distance that must be traveled, the most common bandwidth limit is when the wavelength reaches plank length.