Yes they can, but the most common pest in guinea pigs are mites. To know which is which, take your pig to a trained exotics vet. The treatments for each pest are different (revolution or ivermectin) and you will need advice about dosing.
Guinea pigs are susceptible to lice infestations, and often develop infections because of the presence of lice, but luckily they are unable to give their lice to human beings as it concerns a different kind of lice.