Black canker can cause this. There are different fungi that will infect weeping willows. Fertilize regularly and keep leaves and debris from collecting around tree. Rake up debris before
winter.
The cause can be any number of things. Tar spotting may cause small raised black spots, which are harmless too the tree. It could also be a fungus scab.
Some black spots are harmless and called tar spots. Other black spots however are from a fungus that if left untreated will cause the leaves to fall off.