There are plenty of martial arts throughout the course of life. Judo is the art of throwing ,Karate is the art of chopping. Today we have a combination of everything, and that is called : mixed martial arts.
There are many types of Martial Arts. Some Japanese martial arts include Karate, Aikido, and Judo. The most famous Chinese martial art is Kung Fu. The most famous Korean martial art would be Tae Kwon Do.
The two large distinctions in martial arts are lesser circle and greater circle. Lesser circle involves making contact within someone within 18 inches of you and greater circle involves making contact with people more than 18 inches form you. 18 inches is about how far you can reach with your arms and exert control.