By any chance were you eating something scratchy like potato chips? If not, it could be a gum disease, which means a trip to the dentist is in order. Until you get there, try swishing with salt water to ease the pain.
You may have gingivitis. The more probable cause, however, is an irritation, brought about by a scraping of some food, or from a new toothbrush being brushed against them too hard.
There are several reasons that this may be happening - you could have some form of gum disease link gingivitis. You could also have some wisdom teeth coming in, that would make them sore too.
gums could be sore due to a varied number of reasons. the most important one is plaque/calculus deposits on teeth which cause gum infections and thus lead to bleeding of gums. the other reasons may be any food impaction between teeth or newly errupting teeth(ex:wisdom tooth)