This theory is that the society works together as a whole through many smaller areas. For example, a society's culture, customs and traditions play a part together while being separate.
This is an evaluation of a cultures success (mortality vs birth rates) based upon its mode of survival (i. e. hunter-gatherer, industrical, agriculture etc).
The structural-functional approach in sociology is based on the view that a political system is made up of several key components to include special interest groups, all of the political parties and the specific branches of government.