The flu is caused by a virus. Dogs do not carry the flu virus, transmit it, or get the flu. For the most part, the only disease shared between dogs and humans (and other mammals) is rabies.
Its unlikely, as I recall,dogs can get sick from us but we cant get sick from them. Most likely you had the germ, gave it to him. yoursymptoms just tooklonger
It is rare but occasionally dogs can pass on viruses to people. Usally people with weakend immune systems are more at risk from this. Most likely you probably have caught a virus from another person in public. Make sure you use proper hand washing and cough or sneeze into your sleve to prevent spreading it.