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GDP, or Gross Domestic Product, is a useful indicator of a country's economic well-being though it, by itself, is not a sufficient description of a country's economic health. Basically, it represents the monetary value (often expressed in US Dollars) of all the products and services the country produced in a specific period of time -- usually one year.
There are two methods for calculating GDP -- an income-based method and an expense-based method. Both methods should ideally produce the same figure.