No two people are alike so the long term effects depend on what kind of counseling, support and they receive. Also if they chose to forgive the criminal.
No. The way a person handles being raped is very different. Some women can slowly become strong from it. Others have issues with having physical intimacy.
Everyone processes traumatic events differently. Generally, rape affects a woman dramatically and for a very long time. Following a rape, it is essential to get counseling and to be evaluated for the possible need for medication for depression, anxiety and/or sleep problems. The damage of a rape is insidious and can ruin a life if not managed properly.
It's not always the same for everyone. Rape victims often blame themselves for what happened and the guilt can lead to depression or even suicide. If you know anyone who has been raped the best thing they can do is get counseling. They will never get over the rape but they will be able to live their lives.
No, the effects are not the same for everyone. Effects can include but are not limited to: touch phobias, fear of men, the list could go on forever. Therapy, period.