Yes it could. If the valve is slightly stuck open then the engine will significantly loose power and cause the engine to run rough and likely not idle.
A bad EGR can cause an engine to stall, die, backfire, even drive rich. Another trait is that fuel consumption goes through the roof. Not sufficent flow of air/oxygen mixture.
Yes a bad EGR will stall the engine especially if the EGR Valve has a major leak also note that there is a loss of vacuum created when the ERR Valve has a leak then the engine slowly stalls to idle and finally results of total engine shutdown clean the MAF and airfilter to get better results.
It is not very likely that a malfunctioning EGR valve will cause and engine to die. Typically they just cause the engine to rung rough and cause performance loss.