First suspect is a faulty safety switch, usually located under the operators seat. Weight from the operator engages the switch, turning the blades on. You may disconnect the switch, and while seated on the running mower, short the two wires together. If this makes the blades run, the switch is faulty. Hope this gets you mowing again!
The blades are driven by friction drive, pullys and a belt. With the mower off, engage the blades and chech the tension of the belt under the mower deck. If it is too lose you may need to replace the belt as the stretch over time.
Check the main belt for the mower deck. Be sure its routed correctly. If correct, then check to make sure PTO is working properly. It is located under the motor and is engaged by a clutch. It only turns the belt when engaged.
Possible drive belt failure, or transfer case issue. First inspect all belts, if belts are good, consult manual for location of shear pins on rotating shafts.